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Airborne LIDAR Technology for Sustainable Watershed Management: Ecological Health of Riparian Zones

Problem Description / Relevance to Water Security: 

Airborne LIDAR measurements principally lead to the highly accurate 3D reconstruction of the landscape and its features. By mounting LIDAR measurement units on an aircraft large areas can be measured relatively quickly and cost effectively. Airborne LIDAR measurements can then be used to reconstruct a bare earth landscape as well as featured landscape which includes vegetation, buildings and other. These landscape reconstructions can then be used for a number of applications such as archeology, water and coastline management, farming, forestry, geology and conservation.

ICT Application / Outcome: 

Michez et al. (2013) examine the application of LIDAR data to monitor the ecological riparian zones, which are of concern in most parts of Europe due to the European Water Framework Directive. As a transition zone between dry and wet environments riparian areas are typically high in ecosystem productivity and biodiversity. The authors use LIDAR point cloud data to derive a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and canopy height model which allows for establishing general riparian zone attributes and ecological integrity.

Airborne LIDAR Technology for Sustainable Watershed Management: Red River Basin

Problem Description / Relevance to Water Security: 

Airborne LIDAR measurements principally lead to the highly accurate 3D reconstruction of the landscape and its features. By mounting LIDAR measurement units on an aircraft large areas can be measured relatively quickly and cost effectively. Airborne LIDAR measurements can then be used to reconstruct a bare earth landscape as well as featured landscape which includes vegetation, buildings and other. These landscape reconstructions can then be used for a number of applications such as archeology, water and coastline management, farming, forestry, geology and conservation.

ICT Application / Outcome: 

Southern Manitoba has a long history of flooding events which has led to significant damages in the region over the years. The Red River Valley (RRV) is a disaster hot spot in the United States and a multi-million dollar floodway was built to protect the City of Winnipeg from floodwaters in Canada (see Figure 1). The spring melt of 2011 brought with it simultaneous flooding events in most of Southern Manitoba (Public Safety Canada 2013). The Assiniboine and Souris River Basins which typically do not have excess floodwaters were also gravely affected in 2011.

Application of Multi-Sensor Remote Sensing for Flood Protection Planning Over the Sajó Valley

Problem Description / Relevance to Water Security: 

The project was set up following the flooding of 2010, when Hungary experienced a record rainfall in May and June and consequently a nation-wide flood came about on smaller and larger rivers. The most affected areas and settlements were in the Sajó valley. An approximately 100 year return period flood wave arrived to the Hungarian border in June 2010 that increased to a once-in-200 year flood on the lower parts of the river.

ICT Application / Outcome: 

The Sajó valley airborne laser scanning and aerial digital imagery have been made on 121 km2 area in Hungary (17th June 2013), and on 190 km2 area in Slovakia (17-18th July 2013).

Effective Communication of Flood Risk Information for Improved Decision Making in Rakhine State, Myanmar

Problem Description / Relevance to Water Security: 

Rakhine State receives stormy weather from the Bay of Bengal in the monsoon seasons, resulting in heavy precipitation between May and October each year. Flooding is a common threat for Rakhine. Mountains on the western part of the state often contribute to occurrences of flash floods while extreme flows from several rivers in the state caused riverine flooding almost annually. One of the worst floods in the State’s recorded history took place in July and August 2015 during the aftermath of Cyclone Komen, which also triggered devastating landslides throughout the country.

ICT Application / Outcome: 

In Rakhine State, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), with technical partnership of the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) and the Myanmar Engineering Society (MES), initiated an activity in 2011 to assess and map the risk from possible disasters in Rakhine State including flood, earthquake, tsunami, cyclone, storm surge, landslide and forest fire. While the other types of hazards are impactful for the state, this study focuses on floods.

Geo-Spatial Data Modeling to Estimate Flood Affected Population in a Near Real-Time Scenario: Pakistan Floods 2011

Problem Description / Relevance to Water Security: 

During humanitarian emergencies, Well-timed information on losses, affected areas and affected population is essential to plan any effective response and optimum resource allocation that are in hand. However, this is, conventionally, only available following an on-ground assessment.

ICT Application / Outcome: 

A spatial model was developed for the assessment of the flood-affected population in a near real-time scenario using spatial analysis. A flood extent vector, extracted from MODIS daily images, was superimposed on a LandScan population grid to estimate the population count living in the flooded area, aggregated by their respective administrative level.